The site on which Jerusalem's first mosque was founded, rapidly identified as al-Masjid al-Aqsa cited in the Koran, borders the western wall of the Jewish temple demolished in 70 CE. At the top of the temple mount, the Umayyad sovereign Abd al-Malik founded the Dome of the Rock in 691. This pilgrimage site was gradually associated in Islamic literature with the episode of the Prophet Muhammad’s ascent to heaven.