Construction using ferrocement, reinforced concrete or reinforced cement, entails building a metal frame that is then covered with hydraulic cement. The first reinforced cement boat was designed by Joseph Lambot in 1848. Although ferrocement barges, pontoons and service ships were built from the early 20th century onward, this technique developed significantly during the two World Wars due to the shortage of steel. As early as 1917, the first ferrocement oceangoing cargo ships were launched and during the Second World War, reinforced concrete was used to build caissons for artificial harbours, cargo ships used as breakwaters and landing barges. From the late 1960s onward, this technique was also used in the yachting industry, especially in amateur boatyards.